Today In History, 1982: CDC Suggests “Gay Cancer” and Rare Pneumonia May Be Spread By Infectious Agent

Jim Burroway

June 18th, 2016

The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta issued a report saying that the strange occurrences of the skin cancer known as Kaposi’s sarcoma, and the rare and rarely-deadly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia that was killing gay men for more than a year (Jun 5), may be spread by some kind of an infection. The report, which appeared in the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, said that researchers in Southern California interviewed eight living patients with KS and/or PCP, and the close friends of seven others who had died, and found:

Within 5 years of the onset of symptoms, 9 patients (6 with KS and 3 with PCP) had had sexual contact with other patients with KS or PCP. Seven patients from Los Angeles County had had sexual contact with other patients from Los Angeles County, and 2 from Orange County had had sexual contact with 1 patient who was not a resident of California. Four of the 9 patients had been exposed to more than 1 patient who had KS or PCP. Three of the 6 patients with KS developed their symptoms after sexual contact with persons who already had symptoms of KS. One of these 3 patients developed symptoms of KS 9 months after sexual contact, another patient developed symptoms 13 months after contact, and a third patient developed symptoms 22 months after contact.

In hindsight, we know that HIV typically has an incubation period of from a few months to ten years or more. Knowing what we know today, we can’t really say that those patients had actually infected each other in the ways this report tentatively suggested, Nevertheless, in 1982, this evidence suggested something very notable:

The probability that 7 of 11 patients with KS or PCP would have sexual contact with any one of the other 16 reported patients in Los Angeles County would seem to be remote. The probability that 2 patients with KS living in different parts of Orange County would have sexual contact with the same non-Californian with KS would appear to be even lower. Thus, observations in Los Angeles and Orange counties imply the existence of an unexpected cluster of cases.

What to make of this cluster?

One hypothesis consistent with the observations reported here is that infectious agents are being sexually transmitted among homosexually active males. Infectious agents not yet identified may cause the acquired cellular immunodeficiency that appears to underlie KS and/or PCP among homosexual males. If infectious agents cause these illnesses, sexual partners of patients may be at increased risk of developing KS and/or PCP.

The report cautioned that the evidence, so far, was inconclusive. It acknowledged another hypothesis that “KS or PCP does not lead directly to acquired cellular immunodeficiency, but simply indicates a certain style of life.” At the time, all sorts of “style of life” questions were still being investigated. The number of sexual partners, multiple STD infections, drug use — especially poppers — these were all under suspicion. Nearly a year later, France’s Pasteur Institute would identify a suspected virus (May 20). That finding was confirmed by American researchers almost another year after that.

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